Document examination
Examines document integrity, internal consistency, identifiers and visible verification features.
Registry confirmation
Checks an available official or reliable registry, QR record or verification portal.
Primary-source verification
Seeks confirmation from the issuing source or an equivalent reliable source.
Evaluation
May consider issuer context, programme information, evidence strength and professional relevance within a defined scope.
Competency assessment
Measures present knowledge or skill where justified. It does not convert an unconfirmed issuer record into a source-verified certificate.
Endorsement
Requires published criteria and sufficient evidence. It is not sold or guaranteed.